13.080.10 (Chemical characteristics of soil) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4373-14 快速测定土壤中碳酸钙含量的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to determine the presence and quantity of carbonate in a soil specimen in terms of the calcite equivalent. The method is generally intended for use as an index of approximate carbonate content to assist with characterizing marine soils. Other test methods exist (such as Method C25 and Test Method D3042) to evaluate calcium carbonate equivalency for purposes of characterizing use of calcareous materials as soil modifiers or agricultural lining materials. 5.1.1 Calcium carbonates (CaCO3) are known cementing agents, are water soluble at pH lt; 7, and are soft on the Mohs' scale compared to other soil minerals. 5.2 This test method has limitations as follows: 5.2.1 If low carbonate contents (calcite equivalents) are measured, the user does not know whether the soil is low in carbonate content or contains cerrusite, witherite, and the like, which are carbonate species whose reactions with hydrochloric acid are either very slow or limited. 5.2.2 Testing times may be extensive (longer than 1 hour) for some carbonate species (such as dolomite) if calcite equivalents within about 18201;% are required. 5.2.3 The effects of specimen grain size, duration of testing, pH and specimen mass are discussed in the literature.3Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonate content of soils and soft rock which can be readily broken down by mechanical effort. It is a gasometric method that uses a simple portable apparatus. Results should be clearly stated as the calcite equivalent in percent because different carbonate species cover a wide range of percent calcite equivalent as shown below for a number of carbonates: Species Cation Calcite Equivalent, % Magnesite Mg 117.0 Dolomite Ca, Mg

Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Carbonate Content of Soils

ASTM D7458-14 使用氟化氢铵提取和荧光检测法测定土壤, 岩石, 沉积物和粉煤灰中铍的标准试验方法

5.1 Exposure to beryllium can cause a potentially fatal disease, and occupational exposure limits for beryllium in air and on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks to potentially affected workers (2, 3). Measurement of beryllium in matrices such as soil, rock, sediment, and fly ash is important in environmental remediation projects involving beryllium contamination (4) and for establishment of background levels of beryllium at sites where anthropogenic beryllium may have been used (2). Sampling and analytical methods for beryllium are needed in order to meet the challenges relating to exposure assessment and risk reduction. Sampling and analysis methods, such as the procedure described in this test method, are desired in order to facilitate measurements of beryllium that can be used as a basis for management of remediation projects and protection of human health. 5.2 This test method can be used for purposes such as environmental remediation projects where beryllium is a contaminant of concern. It is also useful for characterization of levels of beryllium in soil at sites where beryllium is in mining or manufacturing applications, and for determination of background levels of beryllium in soil.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of beryllium in samples of soil, rock, sediment, and fly ash. This test method can be used for purposes such as environmental remediation projects where beryllium is a contaminant of concern. It is also useful for characterization of levels of beryllium in soil at sites where beryllium is in mining or manufacturing applications, and for determination of background levels of beryllium in soil. 1.2 This test method assumes that samples of soil, rock, sediment, or fly ash are collected using appropriate and applicable ASTM International standard practices. 1.3 This test method includes a procedure for extraction (dissolution) of beryllium in dilute ammonium bifluoride, followed by analysis of aliquots of the extract solution using a beryllium-specific fluorescent dye. 1.4 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable fluorometric instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding es......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in Soil, Rock, Sediment, and Fly Ash Using Ammonium Bifluoride Extraction and Fluorescence Detection

ASTM D7858-13 用加压流体萃取和液相色谱/串联质量色谱分析法测定土壤, 淤泥和生物固体中双酚A的标准试验方法

5.1 This is a performance based method, and modifications are allowed to improve performance. 5.1.1 Due to the rapid development of newer instrumentation and column chemistries, changes to the analysis described in this test method are allowed as long as better or equivalent performance data result. Any modifications shall be documented and performance data generated. The user of the data generated by this test method shall be made aware of these changes and given the performance data demonstrating better or equivalent performance. 5.2 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.7 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.8 5.3 The environmental source of BPA is predominantly from the decomposition of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA is not classified as bio-accumulative by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and will biodegrade. BPA has been reported to have adverse effects in aquatic organisms and may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels through landfill leachate and sewage treatment plant effluents. This method has been investigated for use with soil, sludge, and biosolids. 5.4 The land application of biosolids has raised concerns over the fate of BPA in the environment and a standard method is needed to monitor concentrations. This method has been investigated for use with various soils. 1.1 This procedure covers the determination of Bisphenol A (BPA) in soil, sludge, and biosolids. This test method is based upon solvent extraction of a soil matrix by pressurized fluid extraction (PFE). The extract is filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). BPA is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The Method Detection Limit2 (MDL), electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, and Reporting Range3 for BPA are listed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Method Detection Limit and Reporting Range

Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Soil, Sludge and Biosolids by Pressurized Fluid Extraction and Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

ASTM D7363-13 在选定的离子监控模式下用固相微萃取法和气相色谱/质谱法测定沉积物孔隙水中母体芳烃和烷基多环芳烃的标准试验方法

5.1 This method directly determines the concentrations of dissolved PAH concentrations in environmental sediment pore water samples. The method is important from an environmental regulatory perspective because it can achieve the analytical sensitivities to meet the goals of the USEPA narcosis model for protecting benthic organisms in PAH contaminated sediments. Regulatory methods using solvent extraction have not achieved the wide calibration ranges from nanograms to milligrams per litre and the required levels of detection in the nanogram-per-litre range. In addition, conventional solvent extraction methods require large aliquot volumes (litre or larger), use of large volumes of organic solvents, and filtration to generate the pore water. This approach entails the storage and processing of large volumes of sediment samples and loss of low molecular weight PAHs in the filtration and solvent evaporation steps. 5.2 This method can be used to determine nanogram to milligram per litre PAH concentrations in pore water. Small volumes of pore water are required for SPME extraction, only 1.5 mL per determination and virtually no solvent extraction waste is generated. 1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is based on the concentrations of dissolved PAHs in the interstitial water or “pore water” in sediment. This test method covers the separation of pore water from PAH-impacted sediment samples, the removal of colloids, and the subsequent measurement of dissolved concentrations of the required 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated daughter PAHs in the pore water samples. The “24 PAHs” are determined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Isotopically labeled analogs of the target compounds are introduced prior to the extraction, and are used as quantification references. 1.2 Lower molecular weight PAHs are more water soluble than higher molecular weight PAHs. Therefore, USEPA-regulated PAH concentrations in pore water samples vary widely due to differing saturation water solubilities that range from 0.2 µg/L for indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to 318201;000 µg/L for naphthalene. This method can accommodate the measurement of microgram per litre concentrations for low molecular weight PAHs and nanogram per litre concentrations for high molecular weight PAHs. 1.3 The USEPA narcosis model predicts toxicity to benthic organisms if the sum of the toxic units (ΣTUc) calculated for all “34 PAHs” measured in a pore water sample is greater than or equal to 1. For this reason, the performance limit required for the individual PAH measurements was defined as the concentration of an individual PAH that would yield 1/34 of a toxic unit (TU). However, the focus of this method is the 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated PAHs (Table 1) that contribute 958201;% of the toxic units based on the analysis of 120 background and impacted sediment pore water samples.3 The primary reasons for eliminating the rest of the 5-6 ring parent PAHs are: (1) these PAHs contribute insignificantly to......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Parent and Alkyl Polycyclic Aromatics in Sediment Pore Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Selected Ion Monitoring Mode

ASTM D7363-13a 在选定的离子监控模式下用固相微萃取法和气相色谱/质谱法测定沉积物孔隙水中母体芳烃和烷基多环芳烃的标准试验方法

5.1 This method directly determines the concentrations of dissolved PAH concentrations in environmental sediment pore water samples. The method is important from an environmental regulatory perspective because it can achieve the analytical sensitivities to meet the goals of the USEPA narcosis model for protecting benthic organisms in PAH contaminated sediments. Regulatory methods using solvent extraction have not achieved the wide calibration ranges from nanograms to milligrams per litre and the required levels of detection in the nanogram-per-litre range. In addition, conventional solvent extraction methods require large aliquot volumes (litre or larger), use of large volumes of organic solvents, and filtration to generate the pore water. This approach entails the storage and processing of large volumes of sediment samples and loss of low molecular weight PAHs in the filtration and solvent evaporation steps. 5.2 This method can be used to determine nanogram to milligram per litre PAH concentrations in pore water. Small volumes of pore water are required for SPME extraction, only 1.5 mL per determination and virtually no solvent extraction waste is generated. 1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is based on the concentrations of dissolved PAHs in the interstitial water or “pore water” in sediment. This test method covers the separation of pore water from PAH-impacted sediment samples, the removal of colloids, and the subsequent measurement of dissolved concentrations of the required 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated daughter PAHs in the pore water samples. The “24 PAHs” are determined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Isotopically labeled analogs of the target compounds are introduced prior to the extraction, and are used as quantification references. 1.2 Lower molecular weight PAHs are more water soluble than higher molecular weight PAHs. Therefore, USEPA-regulated PAH concentrations in pore water samples vary widely due to differing saturation water solubilities that range from 0.2 µg/L for indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to 318201;000 µg/L for naphthalene. This method can accommodate the measurement of microgram per litre concentrations for low molecular weight PAHs and nanogram per litre concentrations for high molecular weight PAHs. 1.3 The USEPA narcosis model predicts toxicity to benthic organisms if the sum of the toxic units (ΣTUc) calculated for all “34 PAHs” measured in a pore water sample is greater than or equal to 1. For this reason, the performance limit required for the individual PAH measurements was defined as the concentration of an individual PAH that would yield 1/34 of a toxic unit (TU). However, the focus of this method is the 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated PAHs (Table 1) that contribute 958201;% of the toxic units based on the analysis of 120 background and impacted sediment pore water samples.3 The primary reasons for eliminating the rest of the 5-6 ring parent PAHs are: (1) these PAHs contribute insignificantly to the pore water TU, and (2) these PAHs exhibit extremely low saturation solubilities that will make the det......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Parent and Alkyl Polycyclic Aromatics in Sediment Pore Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Selected Ion Monitoring Mode

ASTM D4972-13 土壤pH值的标准试验方法

5.1 The pH of the soil is a useful variable in determining the solubility of soil minerals and the mobility of ions in the soil and assessing the viability of the soil-plant environment. 5.2 pH measurements are made in both water and a calcium chloride solution because the calcium displaces some of the exchangeable aluminum. The low ionic strength counters the dilution effect on the exchange equilibrium by setting the salt concentration of the solution closer to that expected in the soil solution. The pH values obtained in the solution of calcium chloride are slightly lower than those measured in water due to the release of more aluminum ions which then hydrolyses. Therefore, both measurements are required to fully define the character of the soil's pH. 5.3 For the purpose of this test method the test soil must be sieved through a 2-mm (No. 10) sieve. Measurements on soils or soil fractions having particle sizes larger than 2 mm by this test method may be invalid. If soil or soil fractions with particles larger than 2 mm are used, it must be stated in the report since the results may be significantly different. 5.4 All water used for this test method must be ASTM Type III or better. Type III water is defined by Specification D1193. It is prepared by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination thereof. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the pH of soils for uses other than for corrosion testing. Such measurements are used in the agricultural, environmental, and natural resources fields. This measurement determines the degree of acidity or alkalinity in soil materials suspended in water and a 0.01 M calcium chloride solution. Measurements in both liquids are necessary to fully define the soil's pH. This variable is useful in determining the solubility of soil minerals and the mobility of ions in the soil and assessing the viability of the soil-plant environment. A more detailed discussion of the usefulness of this parameter is not warranted here; however, it can be found in many discussions of the subject. A few such discussions are given as Refs (1-6)2 at the end of the text. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Soils

ASTM E2866-12 用液相色谱法/串联质谱法和加压流体萃取法分析土壤中二异丙基甲基磷酸酯,乙基膦酸,异丙基甲基膦酸,甲基膦酸和频哪基甲基膦酸的测定用标准试验方法

This is a performance based method, and modifications are allowed to improve performance. Due to the rapid development of newer instrumentation and column chemistries, changes to the analysis described in this standard are allowed as long as better or equivalent performance data result. Any modifications shall be documented and performance data generated. The user of the data generated by this Standard shall be made aware of these changes and given the performance data demonstrating better or equivalent performance. Organophosphate pesticides affect the nervous system by disrupting the enzyme that regulates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. They were developed during the early 19th century, but their effects on insects, which were similar to their effects on humans, were discovered in 1932. Some are poisonous and were used as chemical weapon agents. Organophosphate pesticides are usually not persistent in the environment. , This test method is for the analysis of selected organophosphorous based pesticide degradation products. This method has been investigated for use with various soils. 1.1 This procedure covers the determination of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate (DIMP), Ethyl Methylphosphonic Acid (EMPA), Isopropyl Methylphosphonic Acid (IMPA), Methylphosphonic Acid (MPA) and Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid (PMPA), referred to collectively as organophosphonates (OPs) in this test method, in soil. This method is based upon solvent extraction of a soil by pressurized fluid extraction (PFE). The extract is filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). OPs are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. 1.2 Units8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The Method Detection Limit (MDL), electrospray ionization (ESI) mode and Reporting Range for the OPs are listed in Table 1. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Method Detection Limit and Reporting Range AnalyteESI ModeMDL (PPB)Reporting Range (PPB) Diisopropyl methylphosphonatePositive2.740-2000 Ethyl methylphosphonic acidNegative2.340-2000 Ethyl methylphosphonic acidPositive1.340-2000 Isopropyl methylphosphonic acidNegative5.740-2000 Isopropyl methylphosphonic acidPositive2.840-2000 Methylphosphonic acidPos......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate, Ethyl Methylphosphonic Acid, Isopropyl Methylphosphonic Acid, Methylphosphonic Acid and Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid in Soil by Pressurized Fluid Extraction and Analyzed by Liquid

ASTM E1197-12 进行地球土壤芯样微观世界试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide defines the requirements and procedures for using soil-core microcosms to test the environmental fat......

Standard Guide for Conducting a Terrestrial Soil-Core Microcosm Test

ASTM D7203-11 使用加热的二极管传感器筛分三氯乙烯污染物的标准试验方法

The heated diode sensor device used in this practice is selective for HVOCs. Other electronegative compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, nitrates, and sulfides, may cause a positive interference with the performance of the heated diode sensor to detect HVOCs, but to do so, they must be present at much higher concentrations than the HVOCs. Note 28212;For volatile organic compound (VOC) screening purposes, a flame ionization detector (FID) selectively responds to flammable VOCs; a photoionization detector (PID) selectively responds to VOCs having a double bond; and a heated diode sensor selectively responds to halogenated VOCs. This practice can be used for screening media known to contain TCE to estimate the concentration of TCE in the media. Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE. Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured by this practice. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE. This practice can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil or water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil (Procedure A) or water (Procedure B). Any HVOC contamination remaining in the sample is not detected by this practice. Detection Limit8212;The detection limit of the heated diode sensor for TCE is 0.1 mg/m3 in air, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated soil sample in a 250-mL container, the detection limit of Procedure A for TCE is 0.001 mg/Kg, assuming complete partitioning of TCE into the headspace. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated water sample in a 250-mL container, the detection limit of Procedure B for TCE is 0.001 mg/L, assuming complete partitioning of TCE into the headspace. This practice can be used to screen moist soil samples and water samples. Water vapor does not interfere with the performance of the heated diode sensor. Hydrocarbon fuels, including fuels containing aromatic compounds, such as gasoline, are not detected by the practice.1.1 This practice describes procedures for screening media known to contain the halogenated volatile organic compound (HVOC), trichloroethylene (TCE). Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE. 1.1.1 Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample using a heated diode sensor device. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE. 1.2 Procedure A can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil. Procedure B can also be used for screening the headspace above a water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the water. For both procedures, any HVOC contamination remaining in the soil or water is not detected by this practice. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception8212;Certain inch-pound units are provided for information only. 1.4 ......

Standard Practice for Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media Using a Heated Diode Sensor

ASTM C1580-09 土壤中水溶性硫酸盐的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils. 1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass. 1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate. 1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil

ASTM D5831-09 土壤中筛分燃料的标准试验方法

This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the contaminant fuel concentration can be calculated using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, a contaminant concentration cannot be calculated, and the test method can only be used only to indicate the presence or absence of fuel contamination. Fuels containing aromatic compounds, such as diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials, such as crude oil, coal oil, and motor oil, can be determined by this test method. The quantitation limit for diesel fuel is about 75 mg/kg. Approximate quantitation limits for other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials that can be determined by this screening test method are given in Table 1. Quantitation limits for highly aliphatic materials, such as aviation gasoline and synthetic motor oil, are much higher than those for more aromatic materials, such as coal oil and diesel fuel. Note 18212;The quantitation limits listed in Table 1 are approximate values because in this test method, the quantitation limit can be influenced by the particular fuel type and soil background levels. For information on how the values given in Table 1 were determined, see Appendix X1. Data generated during the development of this screening test method and other information pertaining to this test method can be found in the research reports. (1,2) When applying this test method to sites contaminated by diesel fuel, care should be taken in selecting the appropriate response factor from the list given in Table 2, with consideration given to whether or not the fuel contamination is fresh or has undergone weathering/or biodegradation processes. See Appendix X2. A factor to consider in using this test method is whether the contamination is a mixture of one or more fuel types. If this is the case, and a site-specific response factor (see Appendix X2, Section X2.3) cannot be determined, the response factors for the individual fuel types in the mixture should be used to estimate contaminant concentrations. Certain materials, such as asphalts and asphalt residuals and oils and pitch from trees and other vegetation, which respond as fuel when tested by the method giving high blank absorbance values, may interfere with use of this test method. See 8.1.2.1 and Note 3 for information on determining if the test method can be applied to a specific soil containing one or more of these types of materials. Extractable material, which scatters or absorbs light at 254 nm, is a potential interference for this screening test method. TABLE 1 Approximate Quantitation Limits for Various Fuel Types in Soils Based on 0.036 AU MaterialLimit of Quantitation (LOQ), mg/kg Coal Oil 21 Crude Oil 61 Diesel Fuel 75 Weathered Diesel Fuel 21 Used Motor Oil 162

Standard Test Method for Screening Fuels in Soils

ASTM C1387-08 土壤里锝99的测定的标准指南

This guide offers several options for the determination of Tc-99 in soil samples. Sample sizes of up to 200 g are possible, depending on the method chosen to extract Tc from the soil matrix. It is up to the user to determine if it is appropriate for the intended use of the final data. 1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a reference for laboratories wishing to perform Tc-99 analyses in soil. Several options are given for selection of a tracer and for the method of extracting the Tc from the soil matrix. Separation of Tc from the sample matrix is performed using an extraction chromatography resin. Options are then given for the determination of the Tc-99 activity in the original sample. It is up to the user to determine which options are appropriate for use, and to generate acceptance data to support the chosen procedure. 1.2 Due to the various extraction methods available, various tracers used, variable detection methods used, and lack of certified reference materials for Tc-99 in soil, there is insufficient data to support a single method written as a standard method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil

ASTM C1345-08 通过感应耦合等离子体度谱数对土壤中总的和同位素铀及总钍分析的标准试验方法

This test method measures the presence of uranium and thorium in soil that occurs naturally and as a result of contamination from nuclear operations and uranium ore processing. The reporting detection levels (RDLs) of total uranium and thorium are well below the normal background in soil. The normal background level for uranium is between 3 and 5 μg/g in most geographic areas and slightly higher for thorium. The 235U enrichment is also measured from an initial sample pass through the instrument. The other less abundant uranium isotopes (234U and 236U) are measured down to a typical soil background level after sample concentration and a second sample analysis. This allows for calculation of individual isotopic uranium and total uranium activity. The majority of the uranium activity results from 234U and 238U. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of total uranium (U) and thorium (Th) concentrations in soils, as well as the determination of the isotopic weight percentages of 234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U, thereby allowing for the calculation of individual isotopic uranium activity or total uranium activity. This inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) method is intended as an alternative analysis to methods such as alpha spectroscopy or thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS). Also, while this test method covers only those isotopes listed above, the instrumental technique may be expanded to cover other long-lived radioisotopes since the preparation technique includes the preconcentration of the actinide series of elements. The resultant sample volume can be further reduced for introduction into the ICP-MS via an electrothermal vaporization (ETV) unit or other sample introduction device, even though the standard peristaltic pump introduction is applied for this test method. The sample preparation removes organics and silica from the soil by use of a high temperature furnace and hydrofluoric acid digestion. Thus, this test method can allow for sample variability of both organic and silica content. This test method is also described in ASTM STP 1291. Since this test method using quadrupole ICP-MS was approved, advances have been made in ICP-MS technology in terms of improved sensitivity and lower instrument background as well as the use of collision or reaction cells (or both) and sector field mass spectrometers with single and multiple detectors. These advances should allow this test method to be performed more effectively but it is the user’s responsibility to verify performance. 1.2 The analysis is performed after an initial drying and grinding sample preparation process, and the results are reported on a dry weight basis. The sample preparation technique used incorporates into the sample any rocks and organic material present in the soil. The method of sample preparation applied differs from other techniques, such as those found in Practice C 999, which involve simply tumbling and sieving the sample; however, the user may select whichever technique is most appropriate to their needs. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Total and Isotopic Uranium and Total Thorium in Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM D4542-07 用折射计测定土壤中可溶盐含量和孔隙水萃取的标准试验方法

The soluble salt content may be used to correct the index properties of soils (water content, void ratio, specific gravity, degree of saturation, and dry density). It is necessary to minimize the time period between sampling and testing due to chemical changes which may occur within the soil sample. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 28212;Hulbert and Brindle (2) and Torrance (3) have shown that prolonged storage should be avoided as unpredictable and nonreproducible chemical changes may occur.1.1 This test method covers a rapid procedure for squeezing pore water from fine-grained soils for the purpose of determining the amount of soluble salts present in the extracted pore water.1.2 This test method was developed for soils having a water content equal to or greater than approximately 14 %, for example, marine soils. An extensive summary of procedures for extracting pore water from soils has been presented by Kriukov and Manheim (1).1.3 This test method is not generally applicable for determining the soluble salt content of the pore water extracted from coarse-grained soils, such as clean sands and gravels.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.

Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer

ASTM D7203-06e1 使用加热的二极管传感器筛分三氯乙烯污染物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes procedures for screening media known to contain the halogenated volatile organic compound (HVOC), trichloroethylene (TCE). Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE.1.1.1 Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample using a heated diode sensor device. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE.1.2 Procedure A can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil. Procedure B can also be used for screening the headspace above a water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the water. For both procedures, any HVOC contamination remaining in the soil or water is not detected by this test method.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1The diode sensor is heated to temperatures ranging between approximately 600 and 1000 C (see ) and as a result could be a source of ignition.

Standard Test Method for Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media Using a Heated Diode Sensor

ASTM D5550-06 用气体比重瓶法测定土壤固体粒子比重的标准试验方法

The specific gravity value is used in many phase relation equations to determine relative volumes of particle, water, and gas mixtures. The term soil particle typically refers to a naturally occurring mineral grain that is not readily soluble in water. Therefore, the specific gravity of soils that contain extraneous matter (such as cement, lime, and the like) or water-soluble material (such as salt) must be corrected for the precipitate that forms on the specimen after drying. If the precipitate has a specific gravity less than the parent soil grains, the uncorrected test result will be too low. If the precipitate has a higher specific gravity, then the uncorrected test value will be too high. Note 28212;Not withstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of soil solids by means of a gas pycnometer. Particle size is limited by the dimensions of the specimen container of the particular pycnometer being used.1.2 Test Method D 854 may be used instead of or in conjunction with this test method for performing specific gravity tests on soils. Note that Test Method D 854 does not require the specialized test apparatus needed by this test method. However, Test Method D 854 may not be used if the specimen contains matter that can readily dissolve in water, whereas this test method does not have that limitation.1.3 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.3.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specifies limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits. 1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer

ASTM D7203-06 使用加热的二极管传感器筛分三氯乙烯污染物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes procedures for screening media known to contain the halogenated volatile organic compound (HVOC), trichloroethylene (TCE). Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE.1.1.1 Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample using a heated diode sensor device. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE.1.2 Procedure A can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil. Procedure B can also be used for screening the headspace above a water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the water. For both procedures, any HVOC contamination remaining in the soil or water is not detected by this test method.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1The diode sensor is heated to temperatures ranging between approximately 600 and 1000 C (see ) and as a result could be a source of ignition.

Standard Test Method for Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media Using a Heated Diode Sensor

ASTM C1475-05 测定土壤中镎237的标准指南

A soil sampling and analysis program provides a direct means of determining the concentration and distribution of radionuclides in soil. The presence and extent of neptunium-237 is of particular interest because it is one of the more mobile transuranics in terms of migration and plant uptake. Since soil is an integrator and a reservoir on long-lived radionuclides, and serves as an intermediary in several pathways of potential importance to humans, knowledge of the concentration of neptunium-237 in soil is essential.1.1 This guide covers the determination of neptunium-237 in soil by means of radiochemical separations and alpha spectrometry. This guide provides options in the selection of sample preparation, separation, and measurement. Although neptunium-237 is not a component of global fallout, it is a product of production reactors and spent fuel processing. This guide is designed for analysis of ten grams of soil previously collected and treated in accordance with Practices C 998 and C 999. Larger-size samples of environmental soil may also be analyzed, as long as the concentrations of interferences such as uranium and thorium are at or near environmental concentrations. Depending on the choice of a sample dissolution method, all chemical forms of neptunium may not be completely solubilized. This guide should allow the determination of neptunium-237 concentrations from sub becquerel per gram levels to applicable standards depending on count time, sample size, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Guide for Determination of Neptunium-237 in Soil

ASTM D5765-05 用封闭式容器微波加热法从土壤和沉积物中溶剂萃取全部石油烃类的标准实施规程

Solvent extraction of soils and sediments can provide information on the availability of petroleum hydrocarbons to leaching, water quality changes, or other site conditions. Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of acetone/hexane, reduces sample preparation or extraction times. Reduced amounts of solvents are required and solvent loss due to boiling and evaporation are eliminated by use of closed extraction vessels.1.1 This practice covers the solvent extraction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from soils and sediments, using closed vessel microwave heating, for subsequent determination by gravimetric or gas chromatographic techniques. 1.2 This practice is recommended only for solid samples that can pass through a ten mesh screen (approximately 2-mm openings). 1.3 The solvent extract obtained by this practice may be analyzed for total or specific nonvolatile and semivolatile petroleum hydrocarbons but may require sample clean-up procedures prior to specific compound analysis. 1.4 This practice is limited to solvents that are recommended for use in microwave solvent extraction systems. 1.5 The values stated in pounds per square inch (psi) are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Practice for Solvent Extraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soils and Sediments Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating

ASTM C1580-05 土壤中水溶硫化物的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil